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The climate of the Levant lies somewhat between temperate and tropical with cold winters and hot dry summers. Moreover, there are areas where it snows and others where it is dismally hot. In this limited area it is possible to grow everything from pineapples and bananas to apples. Every major climatic region has representation in the Levant. The determination of the Levant’s weather pattern lies with the large tropical deserts beyond the Mediterranean southern rim. Rainfall averages as much as 46 inches per year in the far north to as little as 1/8 inch in the far south. Jerusalem averages about 24 to 26 inches of rain per year. This is same as the average rainfall for London. Yet London enjoys rainfall distributed around 300 days per year. The rain in Jerusalem comes almost all at once. Geologically limestone and chalk occupy a large part of the surface. Natural building materials include limestone, basalt, and clay. Much of the tillable soil contains large amounts of rock. Over the centuries rock walls became the norm field by field. Rock fences existed in early Old Testament times and continue to serve today. With adequate water the land demonstrates surprising fertility.
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